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Contribution to the Study of the Mesolithic Settlement in Bohemia
Čuláková, Katarína ; Oliva, Martin (advisor) ; Pavlů, Ivan (referee) ; Płonka, Tomáš (referee)
ČULÁKOVÁ, KATARÍNA. Contribution to the Study of the Mesolithic Settlement in Bohemia. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2015, 742 p. (including appendices and plates), PhD. thesis. This thesis wants to present lithic collections. Part of them come from an Eastern Bohemian region and part of them from the Bohemian Forest region. Firstly there is a description of how the collections were obtained. Most of the material comes from a surface survey, a smaller part comes from test pitting. A majority of the collections wasn't previously published and was processed for the purpose of this thesis, part of the information was obtained from published articles. This thesis presents a collection of 25 000 lithic pieces from Eastern Bohemia and 3 500 lithic pieces from the Bohemian Forest. At first there are the most numerous sites described according to their position in the landscape and composition of the lithic collection. Then there is a whole collection characterised according to the used raw material, typology and used technology. This information is incorporated into the wider frame of Central European mesolithics. One of the most interesting features of the collection is the variability of raw materials, which is especially high in the Eastern Bohemian region. From the technological point...
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Holocene Succession of Mollusc Assemblages in the Southern Part of Kokořínsko Area
Oravec, Jan ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Beran, Luboš (referee)
The sandstone rock cities of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin are traditionally considered floristically and faunistically impoverished areas, because the environment of acidic quartz sandstones complicates the development of developed biocenoses. The unfavourable abiotic conditions are compensated for geomorphological diversity of the landscape, which creates a wide range of locations providing habitats for many biological species with different ecological requirements. However, the current appearance of the sandstone areas is due to the extensive transformation of the environment in the late Holocene, as evidenced by the rich subfossil communities of terrestrial gastropods. In the presented study, the succession of postglacial malacocenoses was processed from five sites in the southern part of the Kokořínsko area, demonstrating the continuous development of species-rich forest habitats during the early and middle Holocene. The presence of calcareous encrustations on the surface of acidic sandstone walls, which allowed the continuous occurrence of calciphilous mollusc species, is also documented from this wet period. The gradual transformation of the natural environment is related to the beginning of the late Holocene and was caused by the leaching of nutrients from the soil horizons and the...
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Hunter-gatherer Archaeobotany: Central European Mesolithic
PTÁKOVÁ, Michaela
This thesis focuses on Central European Mesolithic from the perspective of environmental archaeology. Based on analysis of plant macrofossils, it examines potential plant component of Mesolithic diet. The work further contributes to the knowledge on vegetation history of the area of Český ráj (Czech Republic) and attempts to reveal past plant use and the impact of Mesolithic communities on past environments. This is followed by a discussion concerning transition from hunting and gathering way of life to productive economies using examples of specific landscape units and well defined spatiotemporal scales.
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Contacts between the culture of the Lepenski Vir and the first Neolithic populations at the turn of the 7th and 6th millennium
Ćosović, Mirza ; Popelka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Tichý, Radomír (referee)
(in English): This paper focuses mainly on the problem of the Mesolithic-Neolithic contact in the Iron Gates gorge at the turn of the 7th and 6th millenniums BC. A special emphasis is put on the eponymous site of Lepenski Vir. From a geographic point of view, this area represents a natural border between countries Serbia and Romania. There, in different layers and at different locations, were excavated and explored settlements documenting activities and social contact between the Mesolithic and Neolithic populations, as well as the transition from the Mesolithic way of life to the sedentary Neolithic one. The first part of the paper is devoted to an overview of scientific research, a development of views on the process of Neolitization and all the important aspects of culture. The second part deals with the examination of the first form of contact between Mesolithic and Neolithic populations based on the results of natural and archaeological research with theoretical application of the migration model, from the American anthropologist David W. Anthony.
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Contribution to the Study of the Mesolithic Settlement in Bohemia
Čuláková, Katarína ; Oliva, Martin (advisor) ; Pavlů, Ivan (referee) ; Płonka, Tomáš (referee)
ČULÁKOVÁ, KATARÍNA. Contribution to the Study of the Mesolithic Settlement in Bohemia. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2015, 742 p. (including appendices and plates), PhD. thesis. This thesis wants to present lithic collections. Part of them come from an Eastern Bohemian region and part of them from the Bohemian Forest region. Firstly there is a description of how the collections were obtained. Most of the material comes from a surface survey, a smaller part comes from test pitting. A majority of the collections wasn't previously published and was processed for the purpose of this thesis, part of the information was obtained from published articles. This thesis presents a collection of 25 000 lithic pieces from Eastern Bohemia and 3 500 lithic pieces from the Bohemian Forest. At first there are the most numerous sites described according to their position in the landscape and composition of the lithic collection. Then there is a whole collection characterised according to the used raw material, typology and used technology. This information is incorporated into the wider frame of Central European mesolithics. One of the most interesting features of the collection is the variability of raw materials, which is especially high in the Eastern Bohemian region. From the technological point...
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Neolithic house in the Balkans - genesis and ethnoarcheological study
MAJEROVIČOVÁ, Tereza
Thesis focuses on the house and its evolution in the Neolithic period in the Balkans. It describes the construction and internal organization of the buildings. Further it is focused on the way how the buildings were used by the former society and how the individual architectural structures influenced respective population. On the basis of available resources the Neolithic houses in specific areas in the Balkans are studied, including chapters which provide the general insights into this topic.
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Hunter-gatherer archaeobotany: Central European Mesolithic
PTÁKOVÁ, Michaela
The present work attempts to provide understanding of the issue of Mesolithic archaeobotany, especially in terms of plant use, woodland clearance, and discussion concerning Mesolithic agriculture. Special attention is also paid to taxa occurring within archaeological context at European Mesolithic sites and some methodological implications. Also, specific patterns in food preparation and consumption are considered, particularly with emphasis on certain archaeological features. The thesis also brings new original data from the Czech Republic. In this regard, assemblage from Dvojitá Brána u Rohlin has provided hints towards the study of the Neolithisation process in the Czech Republic, whereas case study from the Schwarzenberg Lake has brought considerable focus on the issue of depositional/postdepositional processes, especially when dealing with shallow sandy sediments. The thesis also strongly reflects the growing need for interdisciplinary work to address issues related to Mesolithic hunter-gatherers.
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